Everyone who ever searched for fundamental information was most likely faced with such a concept as a fastening under the foundation, but not every source there is a detailed description of this important part of any construction work. Therefore, let's talk about whether there is a rescue under the foundation,  and how the process of its laying is performed correctly.

general information

The subference has a close relationship with the concept of the foundation. The foundation is the most important part of the construction of any homes. These are their foundation, without which they will quickly become unsuitable for housing. In the presence of poor quality foundation, various kinds of defects appear: windows of windows and doors, cracks on the walls, etc. Therefore, the construction of any house begins with the immediate installation of the base. It is important to comply with all available building rates, the main point in which is the quality setting. It is also called the substrate and pillow. It is one of the important components of the foundation of the house.

What should be

Now we'll figure it out how to make a bench under the foundation so that it is high-quality. So, the substrate is usually shutdown when installing a building on the foundation of the ribbon type. The first thing you need to do for a subfolder is to escape the trench of the appropriate size. According to the construction standards and requirements adopted in European countries, the submission to the foundation must be made with a thickness of 25 centimeters. But these rules are not always suitable for use in our country. Therefore, domestic builders adhere to the opinions that for each case the thickness of the subfolding under the foundation is its own, and it depends, in the first place, on the type of soil on which the building is planned. Thus, the substrate thickness can vary from 30 to 60 centimeters, and in particular cases - up to 80 centimeters.

The substrate material may be different. And most often it is performed from the sand. The submission from this material should be tight and carefully tumped. She stacked with layers. This will help in the future to avoid precipitation and deformation of the foundation of the construction.

Whatever material was used for the manufacture of a pillow under the foundation, it must be poured with layers with a thickness of about twenty centimeters, and then it is good to rub with special area vibrators or rinks. It is important that the finished linkage of the foundation has a density of at least 1.6 t / m³.

Sometimes it is recommended to use clay as a substrate material as a substrate material, explaining that it can protect the foundation of the building from the washed of groundwater. Water will actually delay the clay layer and will not reach the base of the building, but it increases the bunch of soil. Therefore, the advice of some experts on the use of clay are not quite faithful.

Preparation for the device

The substrate for the foundation is designed to perform several very important functions. For example, to remove water, which is sometimes assembled under the base. This reduces the impact on the foundation of powered forces. In addition, the pillow allows you to ensure a uniform distribution of the pressure of the foundation on the ground. This is achieved due to the fact that the sprinkler increases several times the base resistance and helps to align it.

• If the building is planned to build the ground floor or basement, then the vertical fittings should be installed. This is necessary to ensure the connection of the substrate and the founding of the house. For the same purpose, you can use a profiled connection.
• The foundation can be both with a subfolder and without a soil intake. In the first case, the depth of the primer of the soil is much smaller than in the second.
• If sand is used for the subfolder, it should be made in obligatory to isolate from the top of the moisture. Sometimes the house has to be erected on the ground, which has exposure to severe beagration. In these cases, an amplifier must be installed on the foundation, which is an iron belt with reinforcement or concrete.
• When erecting frame houses, it follows to a ribbon foundation to integrate carved pins of steel, which are also called anchors. Thanks to these pins, the adhesion is improved between the frame walls of the structure and the base. The same anchors should be used when installing vertical reinforcement, which fastens the base of the house with a reinforced belt between the floors. Note that the submailing device under the ribbon foundation is a very responsible moment in construction.

The device of sandy subwoofing

What sand is used

• The basement of the foundation begins with digging the trench of the desired depth, which depends on the composition of the soil. When it is ready, a sand pillow falls asleep in it. Immediately the sandy foundation consists of a base, sandy bellows, gravel layer, rubble or brick combat 20 centimeters thick, sandy foundation and clay castle.
• There are different opinions about which sand to do this. Some recommend using sand shallow and medium fractions, others - to apply for this purpose only coarse-grained, which is able to maintain their initial properties. The negative side of the sloping of small sand is that it is strongly seated with time. It is allowed to use conventional river sand.
• Wet sand when falling asleep into the trench trambed alone. Therefore, the manual traam in this case is not needed.
• If dry material is used, then it should be moistened and then tumble. In the latter case, the sand is recommended to fall asleep by portions. At the same time, each of these portions need to be trambed separately. In order to check the quality of the murdration of the subfolder, it is enough just to get on her with my legs. If the tracks do not remain, it means that the pillow for the foundation is tumped well.
• In order not to give the sand to mix with the ground, before filling, it follows the bottom of the trench to put geotextiles or ruleroid.

Procedure for work

1. Sandfasting is often used by those who want to save on construction work. Despite the low cost, the substrate from the sand copes quite well with its main tasks. First of all, such a plugness allows you to provide a load on the lower part of the foundation, not exceeding the norm. In addition, this pillow protects the building from the effects of groundwater.
2. Sometimes in the dumped trench there is a soil layer, which is not suitable for the construction of buildings. In this case, first of all, you need to remove this soil and put sand in its place.
3. When the sandy recess will be laid, it should be good. In this case, it is impossible to be allowed to form failures and surplus.
4. After aligning the layer, in order to remove the pity, it must be tamped with the help of vibrating plates. If there is an opportunity, then you should not use old rumkging methods that imply the use of submitted means. A qualitative result can be achieved only using a special equipment. In the process of this work, the sand needs to be moistened. It is moisture will allow the sand pillow from the sand to get the maximum plane.

Some advice

• When using sandy beam, you need to take into account the local level of groundwater and how much they are raised in the spring. If they are very close to the surface of the soil, then under the subference, it is necessary to make a drainage layer. Otherwise, the recession when the water approach simply will simply die, which in turn will destroy other parts of the foundation, and behind them the rest of the house.
• With proper use, the sandstone can perform all tasks assigned to it. However, the sand density must be used in the case when it is just known that it will not be exposed to extensive loads. The sand base should be used if a single-storey house is built and if the groundwater is at a sufficient distance to the ground surface. When building multi-storey houses, it is better to use another substitution material to withstand such loads.

Order stacking subsidations under the foundation of rubble

If crushed stone is used as a substrate, then the foundation turns out quite high strength. Before filling the rubble, it is necessary to put 10-15 centimeters from the material on the bottom of the trench, which has a fraction less than rubble. For example, you can use large river sand. Only then on the sand should be poured with rubbank. According to the construction standards under the foundation it is necessary to lay a woven crushed stone or skinny concrete. The crushed stone layer should be about 20-25 centimeters. After laying it, it is necessary to sprinkle well and tamper with the help of vibrating plates.

When laying, make sure that the minimum free space is present between the elements of the crushedbon. The material should be touched in such a way that its top layer is at about the edge of the trench. In addition, each side of the crushed stone substrate must be more the size of the foundation itself about 15-20 centimeters. Such a pillow can be used when booking the foundation for any homes. At the same time, it is not even necessary to take into account the material of the future building.

It is important to know how to correctly calculate the amount of rubble for the foundation. For this, such parameters are taken into account as the volume of mound and the volume of the fraction. The last parameter is usually indicated in the quality certificate. If there is no possibility to determine the value of the fraction, you should take averaged indicator. If you know the size of the site for the construction, which must be covered with the substrate, and the required thickness, then you can find out the volume of submet and weight of the material. In general, the device is a very important and responsible process. The quality of both the foundation and the future building as a whole depends on the correctness of styling of rubble gasket.

Concrete substrate device

The substrate from concrete is distinguished by its reliability and durability. Only at the same time it has a fairly high price, but due to durability, this drawback is compensated. When choosing a brand of concrete, consider the weight of the future structure. Will help to deal with the process, how correctly the subfolder is performed under the foundation of the video —lessons posted on the Internet.

1. In order to install a pillow of concrete, you need to start the soil thoroughly. Then you should put on the ground rubble layer about ten centimeters, after which this layer is well tumped, preferably with the help of vibrating plates.
2. Next, a wooden formwork is installed throughout the perimeter. It is necessary to ensure that the height of this formwork is the same as the foundation. In other words, formwork should not be made above 30 centimeters. It is important that the upper base of the base from concrete was at the level of the beginning of the future foundation.
3. In order to increase the strength and durability of such a subtype, it is necessary to make it reinforcement. For this, you can use steel rods with a diameter of 8-12 millimeters.
4. When mounting works on formwork and reinforcement will be completed, a concrete solution can be poured. Then it is necessary to tackle the whole design using the deep construction vibrator.
5. Important moment: the size of concrete subfolding for the foundation should be greater than the future foundation itself. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe pillow performs from under the foundation 150 millimeters on each side, it means that the substrate is installed correctly.

The substrate based on concrete can be used when building a building of any weight and floors. Therefore, when solving the question, what material to choose for the arrangement of the foundation, it is not worth saving. A high-quality pillow is one of the guarantees that the construction will be like a very long time.