Traditional energy sources today, perhaps, no one can call cheap. Therefore, people are constantly in search of more economical energy carriers that could replace existing ones. One of these sources is the energy of the Sun. People for a long time use it in different directions and for different purposes. And if earlier for this was used very primitive adaptations, today for the transformation of solar energy to thermal creates special solar collectors. These devices have a not very complex design. Therefore, they can be made even with their own hands. Before considering the creation of a solar collector for heating at home by own forces, consider the types of these devices.

Types of collectors for solar heating at home

Vacuum. There is a vacuum between the body of heating and the shell of the device. Thanks to which heat losses are reduced. Vacuum is created in special glass tubes. Thermal energy comes from a black tube, which is located inside the design. With this collector, it is possible to obtain such a volume of thermal energy, which is sufficient for water heating to 300 degrees.

Disadvantage: can not be independently cleaned by Inea and snow in winter.

Flat. This collector looks like an outdoor transparent panel, inside which is placed the main tubes. The rear wall is equipped with a heat insulator.

Advantages:

1. This unit has more heat loss than a vacuum collector. But at the same time equipped with a simpler design.
2. It can be independently cleaned from snow-drifts in winter.
3. Allows heating water to 200 degrees.

Disadvantages:

1. With a strong wind onto the fastening there is too long load.

The device has a bad shape.

Air. The coolant in this installation is air.

Advantages:

1. Easily manufactured with your own hands.

Disadvantages:

1. Low efficiency.
2. Cannot be used to heat the water.

Tubular. This unit is four black tubes that are filled with the basic coolant. Due to the difference in the temperature of the device and the lower zone of the drive, circulation occurs. A similar unit has a large surface plane, absorbing light than a flat collector.

Mobile systems for solar heating. They are plants that turn over the movement of the Sun. There are different designs. For example, there are completely unfolding units or those that move only the basic heating element and the mirror.

Principle of operation of the solar heating system

The principle of heating by sun collectors is based on the simplest laws of physics. One of them states that the liquid with greater density displaces the natural way less dense. It is this principle of cooperation that is laid in the work of heating systems with the natural circulation of the main coolant.

The heating technique is as follows:

1. The sun rays heat the heat carrier tube.
2. Warm accumulates in a thermal battery.
3. From the sunlight is absorbed quite a large percentage of heat.

Basics of heating by sunny batteries and manifolds:

1. Heating with natural circulation of the coolant differs from a conventional solar collector with a fluid heating method. In the last water heats up in the sun. From this you can understand how the most optimal design of water heater with solar energy should look like. It is a vertical coil, in which water when heated rises up. Next, it is in the upper point enters the capacity from which the fluid will be taken.
2. To achieve the full operation of the solar collector, it is necessary to provide the process of natural fluid circulation. If water has cooled or not heated to the desired temperature, it should come directly from the cumulative tank directly to the collector in order to pass the next heating cycle. After that, it returns to the accumulative tank or the container, which should also have good thermal insulation.
3. To ensure a vital circulation of fluid without using such auxiliary devices as a nanos, a solar collector is usually installed at the highest place. For example, on the roof. The reservoir for the accumulation of fluid is slightly lower, for example, in the attic.
4. The solar collector mounted on the roof is capable not only to provide a house with hot water, but also serve as a heating system. That is, such devices can be used even in winter. True, the collectors who are able to serve as heating at home is quite difficult to make. Homemade aggregates are often suitable only for water heating.

Ways to independent arrangement of the solar collector

First option

Would need:

• Galvanized water packaging. Its volume should be 100-200 liters.

Technology:

Tar for efficient heating should be placed on the roof. If it is put on the south side of the roof covered with a special shiny metal sheet, then 100 liters of water can be heated to 60 degrees. Due to the small volume of the heat exchange area with the air efficiency of such a design will be quite high. Such a simplest solar collector is preferably placed in areas where the ecology level is high enough. Only in the winter because of the large heat loss from this unit there is little use.

Second option

Would need:

1. A pair of flat steel radiators.
2. Steel boxes.
3. Playground on the roof of the house for the placement of the aggregate.
4. Glass.
5. Metal plastic pipes and fittings.

Technology:

1. Place radiators in steel boxes on the roof of the house and cover them with glass. They are needed to reduce water heating time.
2. When they are installed, you need to ensure that the top is located below the tank-drive. Due to this, the heated liquid naturally will enter the hollow tank.
3. Water wire tubes should be paved with a slope down. It is necessary in order for the circulation to be natural. The plastic barrel with water volume of 160 liters is put on the attic. With a radiator and water supply, it is connected by means of metal-plastic tubes and fittings.
4. The tube with warm water should be connected to the Baku slightly above its middle. Thanks to this, hot water will be top of the tank. At the bottom of the radiator it is desirable to make drainage craners. They will help to drain the water when it is cold.

Third option

This method can be used even for heating a large room. After all, its effectiveness is about 45-55%.

Would need:

1. Wooden frame with a bottom of the plywood sheet.
2. High-quality thermal insulation material.
3. Black metal mesh.
4. Deflector.
5. A pair of fans.
6. Transparent sheet of polycarbonate.

Technology:

1. First you need to drill a pair of round holes in the bottom of the frame. They are needed to make a fence of air.
2. For removal from the hot air device at the top, two holes that have a rectangular shape should be made.
3. It is necessary to put the thermal insulation material on the bottom. Battery heat in this case will be a black metal mesh.
4. A pair of fans is embedded in earlier round holes.
5. The deflector support planks should be mounted in the design. After that, you need to attach the deflector itself, thanks to which the air flow will be formed.
6. To all the device also need to attach a transparent sheet of polycarbonate. Then combine it with a wall of the building.

Fourth option

You can even collect a vacuum collector. Only for this work you need to be very attentive and make a lot of effort. First of all, you need to decide on the future place of installation. The coolant should move from top to bottom when mounting. The finished unit is best oriented to the south. At the same time, about 25 degrees should be present in both directions. When working on the device should not fall any shadows. At the same time, even after installation, the collector should not overheat. In one row, no more than three aggregates are usually installed. If you need to place more collectors in a number, you should embed a compensator in advance. This installation is far from everyone can do it yourself. After all, its manufacture requires both practical skills and locksmith-collecting skills. In addition, a lot of patience is required. In any case, the forces embedded in it are fully justified by its utility. Thus, the sun's rays can bring a lot of practical benefits.