Installation of electrical wiring in log houses and built over a framework technology requires compliance with certain rules. Short closure due to flammable wood - the usual cause of fire. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the information on how to make an electrician in a wooden house safe before starting to work.

Electrician in a wooden house: basic requirements

Electrician in a wooden house with their own hands is mounted in compliance with the following conditions and requirements.

1. Cable insulation should not support burning. This includes VVGNG, VOGng-Ls, NYM.
2. Must must be used exclusively cables with copper cores.
3. Wiring electricians in a wooden house should be open.
4. When choosing materials for electrical wiring, special attention is paid to their quality.
5. In the calculations of the cross-section of the core, it is necessary to take into account the full load of the equipment connected to the network with a reserve of 30%.
6. If necessary, metal pipes are applied to the latent wiring. It is forbidden to use plastic corrugated pipes and metalworks.
7. To protect against damage to electric strokes, it should be provided for the installation of the RCD and grounding.

Electrician in a wooden house: cable laying schemes

Before starting the installation, it is important to know which sockets or blocks of sockets and where you want to install. It is required to determine the places for switches: they should not close the furniture or other interior items. Not the last role plays the right lighting.

Work will be done easier if you pre-form a wiring scheme for each room. This takes into account the following.

1. The distribution switch should be located in the hallway, not far from the front door.
2. On floor plans in each room, the installation of mounting boxes are symbolically indicated. At the same time, their location should be provided so that their number can be reduced (for example, on the common wall of adjacent rooms).
3. Points are "points": sockets, switches and installation sites of light sources (wall and ceiling). There is a two- or three-core cable, which will be laid. For sockets with grounding, two-maple switches and lamps with two modes of operation, a three-cable cable is required. In other cases, the type of cables and their quantity is selected depending on the connected equipment.
4. It is applied to the scheme of the installation site of another specialized electrical equipment: climatic controllers, alarm system devices, boilers, etc. Powerful devices are combined into one group.
5. On the diagram must be indicated all distances from the cable and bindings of "points" to the doorways, windows, floors and ceilings. Subsequently, it can facilitate repair work and avoid damage to the wiring. IMPORTANT: The turns of the cable paissions must be performed strictly at right angles.
6. The recommended height (from the floor level) of the distribution installation is 1.5 m, the sockets - 0.15-0.2 m, the switches - in the range of 0.8-1.5 m. The cables are paired horizontally - 0.2 m from the floor or From the ceiling.
7. The wiring must be divided into two groups: the socket and lighting.
8. Installation of electricians in a wooden house should provide for the coverage of the preservation area. All external luminaires are combined into one group and connect to the automatic switch.

Selection of cables, sockets, switches and other electrical products

Selection of cables for input and wiring

How to make an electrician in a wooden house, without performing complex calculations: such information can be learned from the reference books for electrical engineering. The dependence of the cross-section of the wire conductors from the load is specified in the table.

Consigned capacity of household appliances and equipment The manufacturer indicates a technical passport (operating instructions). Based on this, the cable with the veins of the required section is selected. Accordingly, it is necessary to summarize the power of all electrical appliances to select the introductory cable.
When choosing switches and outlets, take into account:

• current value;
• installation method: For hidden wiring, outdoor sockets and switches are needed, for hidden - internal;
• the ability to combine into one block: for example, bathroom switches and bathrooms can be nearby.

Select type and nominal protection machine

For a single-phase network, the circuit breakers are selected according to the following principle.

1. Calculate the total power of the electrical equipment of the house and the maximum current, calculating it according to the formula II \u003d p / u · cosφ, where I is a rated current. The cosφ value is taken equal to 0.8. The resulting result is multiplied by 1.1 (correction factor) and ultimately get a current at which the circuit breaker should be triggered. Usually its value does not exceed 25 A.
2. The type of machine is chosen after calculating the short circuit current (KZ) according to the formula ICZ \u003d 3260 · S / L. In this expression, s denotes the cross-sectional area, L is the length of the conductor (cable). Calculations should be calculated for the area of \u200b\u200bthe network with the highest length with a minimum course lived.
3. Decision of the CW current to the value of the rated current, we determine the characteristic of the circuit breaker. Most often installed "Automatic" with a characteristic C.

It should be borne in mind: the circuit breaker to which the introductory cable is connected, should not turn off the power supply at the highest load. It is designed to protect electrical equipment with a short circuit.

Tips for choosing outlets and switches

Choosing sockets and switches, you need to consider the following:

1. Electrical power devices (washing machines, refrigerators, electric stoves, fireplaces, boilers, etc.) must be grounded. In this case, rosettes with a terminal for connecting a grounding wire are used.
2. Low power electrical appliances can be connected to outlets without ground terminal. To protect against electric shock, in the case of contacting the current-carrying part of the equipment in the camshaft, the RCO is installed - a protective shutdown device.
3. To connect multiple devices, you must install dual sockets or a group (block) of sockets. Using "Timika" should be avoided.
4. Selection of switches depends on the number of lighting modes. For one light bulb or for the simultaneous switching on, several lamps serves a single block switch, for several modes - two- and three-block.

Important: Open electrician in a wooden house (see photo below) involves the installation of the outer type of sockets and switches. It is recommended to use devices with ceramic internal non-currents.

How to carry out an electrician in a wooden house: some nuances of mounting

After the operating scheme of the gasket will be brought to the final version and everything you need will be purchased, you can proceed to the practical part. The whole process can be conditionally divided into several stages:

• installation of electrical panel;
• enter the cable to the house and connect it to the meter and the automatic switch;
• laying cables on the premises;
• installation of mounting boxes, switches and sockets;
• installation of protective grounding, installation of UzO;
• check and testing.

Installation of electrical panel

After the electrical panel body is securely enshrined in the place provided by the project (Schema) place, the following is followed:

• the electrical counter is attached to the place specifically allocated for this place in the cabinet;
• on DIN rail is installed in the introductory (preferably - the two-pole, to which the "phase" and "zero" wire is connected) the circuit breaker;
• the output terminals of the meter are connected to the input of the input "automaton";
• the cable is entered into the house and connects directly to the input terminals of the electric meter;
• on DIN rail, voltage relays, UzO and automatic switches of socket and lighting groups of electrical wiring are installed;
• the connection of the appropriate electrical appliances terminals is performed.

Connecting cables of the internal wiring and ground wire is last performed.

Entering cable in the house

The introductory cable can be headed in one of two ways:

• by air;
• underground.

Air input is cheaper, but it is less reliable. Used for this cable brand SIP.

It is recommended (in coordination with the energy company) the cable to lay underground, protecting it from rodents and mechanical effects with a metal or asbestos-cement pipe.

Laying cables in rooms

There are several ways to open cable laying:

• on ceramic insulators (rollers);
• in metal pipes and plastic cable channels;
• in plinth with special gutters;
• fastening with brackets.

Your attention a brief description of each of them.

1. The first method is convenient for laying cables along the walls of the rounded log and blockhaus. Ceramic insulators fit well into the interior decorated in retro style.
2. Metal pipes reliably protect the house from the fire. Their population after the cable laying should not exceed 40%. It is recommended to use copper pipes: they are easily bent. Fasten them to walls and ceiling with brackets.
3. Channel cable easier to mount to the walls. There are plastic channels whose color imitates natural wood.
4. The cable in the electrical plinth is fastened with the help of clamps installed in the fretakers.
5. The mounting brackets is the easiest to perform the way. Plastic brackets are selected by the size of the cable cross section. The lack of such installation is a non-primable appearance. But for economic premises, this method may be optimal.

A laying of cables under floor boards in metal pipes is allowed.

Important: Cable passages through the walls should be carried out through metal sleeves.

Electrical installation technology with gasket in cable channel.

1. Using a laser level, make the markup of cable tracks according to the diagram.
2. Select cable channels by volume of cables stacked in them and fasten on the walls and ceilings with screws, removing the pre-cover. The step between the attachment points should not be less than 0.5 m. Near the turns of the track, there must be additional fasteners on the corners.
3. Fasten junction boxes.
4. Cables are placed in the channels and closed with a lid. Leave a stock for mounting connections in junction boxes and connecting switches and sockets.
5. Connect cable veins, laying them in distribution cords, connect to automata terminals, sockets and switches.

Rules for connecting wires

You can connect wires only in mounting boxes. They are installed to organize branches of cables from the main route and to protect isolated contacts.
Wire veins are connected in several ways.

1. With the help of WAG (WAGO): the most reliable way, the use of which makes it much easier and speeds up the installation. Vagi is selected on the diameter of uninsulated lived and their quantity. The connection is carried out before clicking.
2. Coupling caps: The veins are broken and twisted in such a way that their length does not exceed the cap size. SIZ with an effort is screwed at the connection lived clockwise, while the crimping spring securely fixes the twist.
3. Connection of a twist: The veins are offended at least than 40 mm and tightly twisted with each other. In the case of the use of this method in wooden houses, the twists must be registered. Isolate connections with pvc ribbon.

It is necessary to observe the color label when connecting cable lived. Phase wires should be in the insulation of brown or red, "zero" - blue or white. Grounding wire - yellow or yellow-green color.

Connect switches and sockets

Metal plates must be substituted to protect wood from ignition for switches and sockets.

For walls in a wooden house, the most acceptable are sockets and switches, the housings of which have a painting that imitates natural wood.

Important: All screw terminals should be tightly tightened. Periodically (during operation) should be checked with screws of screws.

Installation of grounding and installation of the UDO

Grounding is necessary if household appliances with metal enclosures are connected in the house. Such are washing and dishwasher, refrigerator and boiler.

The grounding device is performed as follows.

1. Three pins with a length of 3 m from the reinforcement with a diameter of 30 mm are driven into the ground in such a way that their tops for form a triangle with sides of 1 m.
2. At a depth of 300 mm, the tops of the pins weld with each other reinforcement of the same cross section.
3. With the help of a welded or screw connection (welding pre-eye) to one of the vertices, a steel rod with a thickness of at least 10 mm (either the tire) is connected.
4. Steel rods are paved in the trank to the location of it with a copper conductor in the electrical panel. Grounding copper conductor must be in isolation of yellow-green.

To protect against electric current when it leaks on the body of the household appliance can be the UZO. It is connected after the meter in the electrical panel. The instrument parameters are chosen depending on the rated current of the entire network of the house. The leakage current is taken into account: the less its value, the more sensitive will be the RCD. This is important for premises with high humidity (bathroom, laundry). The optimal leakage current should be taken 10 mA.

The correct connection of the UDO can be checked by pressing the "Test" button: the device's workout means that all requirements are observed.

How to experience wiring

To make sure that the installation of the wiring is performed correctly, it is recommended to use the services of an electrical laboratory. The test complex consists of the following items:

• measuring the insulation resistance of cables;
• measuring ground resistance;
• measurement of the resistance of the loop "phase-zero";
• verification of the operation of the RCD;
• loading "automata".

Tests are drawn up by the protocol. Technical confirmation of the correctness of the installation of electrical wiring in the house built from wood materials guarantees safety.
In conclusion, the story about how the electrician is mounted in wooden houses - video with specialist comments.